At the moment it would have to publish the PQ10, but corresponds to an eight-part work is not finished due to poor acceptance was the fourth. There is, however, have not been published but never, until the seventh.
For this reason we publish today PQ11 which, in turn, was a controversial article as it became a forum where some people were supporters of psychoanalysis to a level of fanaticism. In it some unintended errors and others that if they are and therefore make the text is somewhat biased, however, from point of view of a thought exercise, think it might be a good help for my readers.
Psychoanalysis: A lie uncomfortable (PQ11)
Within the series PQ introduce an old story that I made as an exercise in the courses lectured in personal development techniques. Only a marginal work, along with others, helped me to give reasons that these techniques had been disabled, other colleagues did some work much better than this forcing me to apologize about the quality obviously improved, however, at a technical level, won the highest score. We now know much more about the brain and mind that when psychoanalysis was born, but also to learn more and more questions have come to our knowledge has evolved Socratic: the more we acquire greater awareness of our ignorance. This has not removed the value of psychoanalysis, as expected, but if it has been relegated to the margins. Today, along with other individual techniques, and therefore more practical, psychoanalysis has abandoned its therapeutic aspect to jump right in personal development techniques. However, the continuing need for the analyst with the person to try to make it an impractical technique thus has lost ground to more modern and pragmatic theories such as the PAN or the NLP, which is perhaps less scientific but more adaptable to suit the person who has to use in their personal development.
Freud is the father of this doctrine from that released in 1890. The conceptual base which underpin its origins is the same as hypnosis, hypnosis unfortunately could not achieved in all cases but proved its worth in a series of clinical trials conducted by the French neurologist Jean Martin Charcot, Freud's teacher. In this way, psychoanalysis was a very useful alternative therapy in those clinical conditions which, by then, were called "hysterical." Hypnosis was a technique that quickly spread, but Freud never failed to dominate, however, his eagerness to results led him to experiment with other formulas to reach the subconscious of the individual as making the call daydream technique. For years he worked with different types of drugs that came to experience, even in his own body and also created a number of theories to interpret dreams. However, his most famous works, discussed the interpretation of sexuality hidden or denied and the superego.
The analyst allows his "patient" to speak freely and ensuring the maximum comfort in this. The free associations of ideas are the basis of a dialogue where the therapist intervenes only occasionally to facilitate the patient's verbal fluency. Freud was particularly interesting for the patient to talk about their dreams and their childhood, as in the first expressing the subconscious of the patient by the psychiatrist keys should be interpreted (as did your work "The Interpretation of Dreams") and the second, he said, were the main causes of any trauma.
Freud, in turn, outraged Viennese society with their theories completely overturned in the sexual sphere. In fact, some of his biographers, notes that this aspect was intentional, it could be one way to draw more attention really useful commercially, others argue that Sigmund himself had many sexual trauma that will persuade it to call attention to that area. A bit off topic will also talk about a possible addiction to various psychotropic drugs in play, but it seems more than demonstrated that her possible addiction due to their jobs came in search of a substance that could replace hypnosis (in which discipline was a disaster despite having had the best teacher.) In any case, those were different times.
When Freud died in 1939 with 83 years, psychoanalysis began to be accepted in the Germanic countries. Not so in the Axis countries where Hitler and Mussolini considered his teachings as dangerous and they came to burn all copies of their books. This predicament, far from sinking the theories of psychoanalysis, made these much more attractive. If someone like Hitler forbade it should be good at least that was the new view that acquired the public in the free countries. The momentum continued after the war. Interestingly, hypnotic techniques, more advanced and efficient, but much more complicated and in need of a type of very specific and preparations began to be put aside.
While psychoanalysis relies heavily on intuition and subjectivity of the therapist, hypnosis is much more direct. While psychoanalysis is limited to the conditions of the type called hysterical (hysterical paralysis) and neurotic (obsessive neurosis, paranoia simple phobias ...), hypnosis has a broader spectrum, with time, have found new applications.
The great reputation acquired psychoanalysis also has other culprits. Bright students from these extended techniques, perfected and established schools differential of Sigmund Freud: Wilhelm Reich, Melanie Klein, Wilfred Bion, Jacques Lacan, Otto Rank, Alfred Addler, Carl Jung (the latter created his own theories parallel) ...
Over the years they appeared new theories and new schools of psychoanalysis, but in the fifties, the opponents of psychoanalysis, through a series of clinical work demonstrated the low effectiveness of these techniques. Supporters initially refused those statistics, but new research confirms the evidence from the time the defense was to demonstrate that psychoanalysis and hypnosis, needs good specialists. He soon began to decline, however, the addition of movie stars to therapists who merely hearing the film industry itself, saved hard and deserved the situation. Thus
psychoanalysis had a certain prestige to the eighties of last century when a new series of studies again highlight psychoanalysis. The issue was more serious now because of the emergence of a large number of specific techniques and high-efficiency such as behavioral, gestalt, cognitive, etc., and alternated with drug therapies that enhance its effectiveness.
psychoanalysis undoubtedly mean a wonderful innovation in the times of cold water therapy, electroshock and lobotomies were a common practice, but as the seriousness and humanity of the new psychiatry reached the current situation, psychoanalysis is an obvious anachronism. With the death of Jacques Lacan in 1981 death of the last great champion of psychoanalysis as a science, however, still remains the International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA), founded in 1910 under the auspices of the Freud and initial president of CG Jung had not dissented from the original line of the first. It was precisely this organization that in 1999, presented an elaborate study on the efficacy of psychoanalysis, but accepting the limitations on patient age, duration of therapy and usually minor issues related to the workplace. The study not only accepted these limitations, moreover, inherently, acknowledged the end to these therapies by refusing the comparison with other more in tune with the times. The study ended by recognizing that the psychoanalysis he needed more empirical work.
Anyway, psychoanalysis not dead and that new trends have emerged aimed at using this for the extension of self, but relegated to oblivion their aspirations as healing therapy. In this way, psychoanalysis has been moving away from its character as health science that aspired someday. However, despite the popular support it enjoyed for much of the twentieth century, it never helped him pass the smell test. First was the philosopher Karl Popper who showed his character in comparison with theories pseudoscience less accepted and seemingly more fickle and after theoretical heir, Adolf Grünbaum it applied to linear logic theories psychoanalytic to demonstrate its falsity (not A implies not B if C and D are possible). Today
API is still alive despite having more detractors than similar students. Their survival, despite this, not in play in a world where "divination", parapsychology and other pseudo-sciences are a good breeding ground.
For Spain, the English Society of Psychoanalysis (SEP) was founded in 1959 in a sweet moment for these techniques and when the Franco regime had long since ceased to view them with disfavor. Today
SEP psychoanalysts shape their own without going into any control system studies. If Sigmund Freud was a leading neurologist of his time, psychoanalysts today do not enjoy themselves, no academic degree accepted, unless they, individually, to obtain outside the scope of psychoanalysis on their own. As if the chaos and discredit these practices were not enough, since 1981 also have the Psychoanalytic Society of Madrid, with statutes and powers similar to English but apart from this and both are represented in the API, which does not happen English Association of the field Lacanian psychoanalysis. Today
Freud's books go on sale at newsstands, an issue each Monday. Books that bring us to learn from the late nineteenth and early twentieth giving us a wealth of knowledge, can also do the works of Albert Einstein. In both cases, their historical value is indisputable, but as work of the physicist still do not have large cracks product of time and the evolution of our knowledge, the work of neurologist has lost all consistency helped him to corner the Inhumane therapies antiquity.
Image from the web: www.biografiasyvidas.com
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